Oil Spill Monitoring in the Croatian Adriatic Waters: needs and possibilities
نویسندگان
چکیده
The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea of the European side of the Mediterranean, covering 138 595 km2 and containing 35 000 km3 of sea water (LUŠIĆ & KOS, 2006). It exchanges its waters with the greater Mediterranean through the Otranto Strait at an approximate rate of 3.3 years (FRANIĆ, 2005), although turnover time varies from 1-5 years when determined with A set of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and geographic information system (GIS) can significantly contribute to monitoring and identification of oil spills floating on the sea surface. Initially, the GIS has been proven as an excellent management tool for resources assessment, oil spill response and planning, and damage assessment, but the possibilities of GIS mapping also integrate geographical, remote sensing, oil & gas production/infrastructure data and slick signatures detected by SAR. Data from different sources such as nautical charts, geo-databases, ground truth and remote sensing data combined in GIS reveal offshore/onshore oil sources, and estimate the intensity and evolution of oil pollution. SAR and GIS together can significantly improve identification and classification of oil spills, leading to the product oil spill distribution maps. This approach, applied successfully in different water basins, can also be applied to oil spill monitoring/ mapping in Croatian waters of the Adriatic Sea – it can contribute to understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of oil spills in the Adriatic Sea and be an ideal tool for an oil spill monitoring system. In the framework of the Croatian initiative towards regional cooperation in the Adriatic Sea, such an approach represents a good national opportunity. In this paper, the properties of SAR imagery, as the most reliable source of oil spill information, are described. The possibilities of a combined SAR-GIS approach to oil spill monitoring and GIS databases as a management tools for the protection of the Adriatic Sea are discussed.
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